Data Recovery Tools: Software tools designed to recover or restore data that has been lost, deleted, corrupted, or made inaccessible. These tools can work on various storage media, such as hard drives, SSDs, memory cards, or even specific files or databases, and are often used after incidents like accidental deletion, hardware failures, or cyber-attacks.

Data remanence: The residual representation of data that remains even after attempts have been made to remove or erase it. It's a significant concern because it can potentially allow unauthorized access and recovery of sensitive data and is especially relevant when disposing of recycling, or repurposing old hardware.

Data Retention: The practice of storing data for a predetermined period of time for compliance, regulatory, or business reasons. The period of time that data should be kept varies depending on the type of data, the industry, and the regulatory environment. After this period, the data is usually securely destroyed.

Data retention monitoring: The process of regularly reviewing and managing stored data to ensure that it is being retained in accordance with relevant policies and regulations. The process involves managing the data lifecycle, ensuring data protection and privacy, verifying data accuracy and availability, and detecting potential unauthorized activities.

Data Roles: The responsibilities assigned to individuals or entities in relation to data. Key roles often include data owners, who have control over and responsibility for data assets; data stewards, who oversee data quality and lifecycle; and data users, who access and use data in their roles.

Data Security: The practice of protecting digital data from unauthorized access, corruption, or theft throughout its entire lifecycle. It includes a set of standards and technologies that protect data from intentional or accidental destruction, modification, or disclosure. Data security involves a range of tactics, such as encryption, tokenization, and key management practices that protect data across all applications and platforms. It also involves physical and administrative strategies to control access to hard-copy and electronically stored data. Data security is crucial for maintaining the integrity and privacy of information in both business and personal contexts.