Cloud Service Models: They encompass the different layers of cloud computing that offer varying degrees of control from infrastructure to applications. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides virtualized computing resources over the Internet, such as servers and storage. Platform as a Service (PaaS) supplies a cloud-based environment for developers to create, manage, and deploy applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the underlying infrastructure. Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers fully managed applications to users on a subscription basis, eliminating the need for installations and running software on individual computers. Each model shifts more operational responsibility from the consumer to the cloud provider.