DFDs (Data Flow Diagrams): Graphical representations of the flow of data through an information system. They map out the data inputs, processing steps, data storage, and output processes involved in handling data. DFDs are used for system analysis and design and can help in understanding the complexities of systems, ensuring that all components are well-integrated and that the system functions as intended. They are particularly useful in visualizing data exchange within and between systems, aiding in error detection, and enhancing communication among stakeholders.