Graham-Denning Model: A formal framework used to define and analyze the protection of information in a computer system. It outlines a set of eight basic rights or rules (procedures) that can be defined for a system regarding the creation and deletion of objects and subjects, providing, transferring, and deleting access rights. The model focuses on the actions that subjects can execute over objects while taking into consideration the permissions and prohibitions applied to these actions, making it a fundamental model in the study of secure systems’ architecture.