Intellectual Property:

• Copyright © – (Exceptions: first sale, fair use).
  • Books, Art, Music, Software.
  • Automatically granted and lasts 70 years after creator’s death or 95 years after creation by/for corporations.
• Trademarks ™ and ® (Registered Trademark).
  • Brand Names, Logos, Slogans – Must be registered, is valid for 10 years at a time, can be renewed indefinitely.
• Patents: Protects inventions for 20 years (normally) – Cryptography algorithms can be patented.
  • Inventions must be:
    • Novel (New idea no one has had before).
    • Useful (It is actually possible to use and it is useful to someone).
    • Nonobvious (Inventive work involved).
• Trade Secrets. 
  • You tell no one about your formula, your secret sauce. If discovered anyone can use it; you are not protected.

Attacks on Intellectual Property:

• Copyright.
  • Piracy – Software piracy is by far the most common attack on Intellectual Property.
  • Copyright Infringement – Use of someone else’s copyrighted material, often songs and images.
• Trademarks.
  • Counterfeiting – Fake Rolexes, Prada, Nike, Apple products – Either using the real name or a very similar name.
• Patents.
  • Patent infringement – Using someone else’s patent in your product without permission.
• Trade Secrets.
  • While a organization can do nothing if their Trade Secret is discovered, how it is done can be illegal.