- Packet A unit of data routed between an origin and a destination in a network. Packets are the basic units that carry data in network communications, enabling information to be segmented, transmitted, routed, and received across diverse systems and devices. The security of packet transmission can be enhanced with various mechanisms like encryption to protect the data from interception or tampering during transit.
- Packet Analysis (PCAP)The process of capturing data packets transmitted over a network for analysis. This is a critical method for diagnosing network performance issues and identifying potential security incidents. Tools for packet capture allow inspection of individual packets and their content, which can help in troubleshooting and diagnosing network problems, as well as investigating suspicious activities.
- Packet Filtering A technique where packets of data are analyzed while they are traversing a network interface. Depending on predefined criteria such as IP addresses, protocols, port numbers, or other packet attributes, the packet filter can block or allow packets to pass through. This is commonly used in firewalls and routers as a basic method to control incoming and outgoing network traffic, providing a first line of defense against malicious activities.
- Packet internet groper (PING) A utility used to test the reachability and round-trip time of a network host. PING is commonly used by IT professionals to diagnose network connectivity issues and monitor the performance of a network. For example, a user may use PING to check if a website is online, measure the response time of a server, or verify that a remote device is reachable.
- Packet Sniffing The process of monitoring and capturing all data packets passing through a given network using a software tool known as a packet sniffer. It is commonly used for troubleshooting network issues and detecting security threats. Packet sniffing can reveal valuable information, such as usernames and passwords, which is why it's crucial to employ encryption measures when transmitting sensitive information.
- Packet Switching A mode of data transmission where a message is broken into several packets. Each packet is then sent individually, possibly via different routes, and reassembled at the destination. This method is efficient and robust, allowing for rerouting of packets if a connection is lost or if there is a more efficient route. In contrast to circuit-switching, which requires a dedicated connection, packet switching allows networks to handle more traffic with the same resources.
- Padded Cell A containment strategy used in intrusion detection where a suspected intruder is redirected into a decoy system known as a "honeypot." This separate environment is carefully monitored and designed to seem like a real system to keep the intruder engaged while protecting the actual system from harm. It helps in studying the actions and methods of the intruder, providing valuable insights for enhancing system security.
- Pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) A type of camera distinguished by its capability to remotely directional and zoom control. In a security context, PTZ cameras are often used for surveillance, allowing operators to monitor large areas with a single camera. The pan feature allows the camera to move left or right, tilt moves up and down, and zoom focuses the lens closer or further from an area of interest.
- Paper test A paper test, often referred to as a tabletop exercise, involves evaluating the effectiveness of security controls and incident response procedures through discussion-based scenarios. Participants walk through various hypothetical situations to analyze the response strategies and decision-making processes without the need for active technical intervention. This approach is widely used for training purposes and to gauge the preparedness of an organization's security team.
- Parallel simulation The process of simulating multiple processes or operations simultaneously to evaluate outcomes in a shared environment. This is often used in performance testing or security testing to assess how well systems can handle multiple transactions or tasks at the same time. It helps to identify bottlenecks, points of failure, or potential security vulnerabilities that may not be visible under normal conditions.
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