The FREE Cybersecurity Glossary by Thor Pedersen!

Identity Assurance Levels (IALs): Levels of assurance used to evaluate the trustworthiness of an individual's claimed identity. IALs are used in online identity verification processes to determine the level of access an individual should be granted. Examples include IAL1 (lowest level of assurance) and IAL3 (highest level of assurance). IALs also relate to the methods used to verify identity, which can be different depending on the level.

IEEE 802.15.4: IEEE 802.15.4 is a technical standard governing low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). It specifies the physical layer and media access control for LR-WPANs, focusing on simple, low-cost communication with low power consumption. The standard underpins technologies such as Zigbee and Thread, facilitating their application in IoT devices like smart home systems and sensor networks.

Industrial Control Systems (ICS): Systems that are used to control and monitor industrial processes, such as manufacturing, power generation, and transportation. ICS can be vulnerable to cyber-attacks, which can disrupt critical infrastructure and cause significant damage. An example of an ICS might be a system that controls the flow of oil or gas through a pipeline.

Infrastructure as Code (IaC): The practice of managing and provisioning IT infrastructure using code and automated processes. It is commonly used in cloud computing environments to ensure that infrastructure can be quickly and consistently deployed, managed, and updated. For example, an IaC system might use scripts and configuration files to automatically spin up new servers, configure security settings, and deploy applications in a cloud environment.

International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA): The International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) is a symmetric-key block cipher known for its strength and efficiency in encrypting electronic data. IDEA utilizes 64-bit blocks and a complex series of operations in multiple rounds to provide a high level of security. It's widely respected for its design and has been used in various encryption protocols, notably in some versions of the Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) protocol for securing emails.

International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR): A set of US government regulations that control the export, import, and transfer of defense-related articles and services. This includes data and technical information related to defense and military technologies. Organizations that deal with such materials are required to be ITAR compliant, meaning they must have protocols in place to prevent unauthorized transfer of this sensitive information, whether it's shared electronically, verbally, or physically.