The FREE Cybersecurity Glossary by Thor Pedersen!

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): A cloud computing model where a service provider offers infrastructure resources, such as computing power, storage, and networking, as a service to customers. It is used in organizations to provide scalable and flexible infrastructure resources without the need to invest in and maintain on-premises infrastructure. Examples - Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.

Infrastructure mode: A wireless networking mode where a wireless access point (AP) connects to a wired network and provides wireless access to devices. It is used in organizations to extend the reach of a wired network and provide wireless connectivity to devices. Examples - a wireless AP connected to a local area network, a wireless AP connected to a wide area network, and a wireless AP connected to a virtual private network.

Ingress: The act of entering or approaching a network, system, or device. It is used in network security to refer to the incoming traffic to a network or system. Examples -an employee connecting to a company network, a user accessing a web server, and a hacker attempting to gain access to a database.

Ingress Filter: A network security measure that filters incoming traffic to a network, allowing only authorized packets to enter. Ingress filtering helps protect against malicious traffic, such as denial of service (DoS) attacks or unauthorized access attempts.

Inherent risk: Inherent risk refers to the exposure to potential negative outcomes in any activity or process that is present before any mitigating controls or actions are applied. It's essential in risk management to assess the raw exposure to threats in order to effectively plan for risk reduction measures. Examples include the inherent risk of data breaches due to system vulnerabilities or the inherent risk of investment loss due to market volatility.

Initialization vector (IV): A random value used in some encryption algorithms to ensure that the same plaintext input always produces a different ciphertext output. IVs are commonly used in block cipher algorithms to prevent patterns or repetitions in the encrypted data, which could make it more vulnerable to attack. An example of IV usage could be in a secure messaging app that uses IVs to prevent an attacker from guessing the encryption key based on repeated messages.