The FREE Cybersecurity Glossary by Thor Pedersen!

Automated patch management: The process where software updates are identified, acquired, and applied to systems automatically, without the need for human intervention. This procedure is critical in maintaining system security as it ensures that vulnerabilities are quickly addressed, reducing the window of opportunity for malicious actors to exploit known weaknesses.

Autonomous system (AS): A collection of connected networks under a single administrative control that uses internet routing protocols to manage traffic both internally and to other networks. Each AS is identified by a unique Autonomous System Number (ASN) used in routing decisions.

Autonomous System Number (ASN): A unique identifier assigned to each Autonomous System (AS) for use in internet routing. This number is used to organize and coordinate the global internet infrastructure, allowing for the establishment of unique routing policies and ensuring that data is efficiently and accurately directed across the web.

Availability: The accessibility of a system, function, or piece of data for authorized users when needed. It is a key component of the CIA triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability), ensuring continuous and reliable access while preventing unauthorized access.

Avalanche Effect: In cryptography, it refers to a desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, where a small change in input leads to a significant and unpredictable change in the output. This effect is essential for the security of encryption schemes; it ensures that the ciphertext is radically different, even with minor alterations to the plaintext, which makes cryptanalysis more difficult.

Awareness: The understanding and recognition of potential security threats, vulnerabilities, and risks. This involves training and educational programs to help individuals and organizations identify and protect against these threats. For example, a security awareness program may include training on spotting phishing emails, creating strong passwords, and properly disposing of confidential documents.