Quality management system (QMS): A framework of policies, procedures, and processes that are used to plan, implement, and monitor the quality of a product or service. It is used in organizations to ensure customer satisfaction and compliance with standards. Examples include ISO 9001, CMMI, and Six Sigma.

Quality of Service (QoS): The performance level of a network or internet connection that determines the speed and reliability of data transmission. It is used in networking and telecommunications to ensure that data is transmitted smoothly and efficiently. Examples include prioritizing certain types of data traffic, such as video streaming or voice calls, and implementing bandwidth allocation mechanisms to prevent network congestion.

Quantitative Risk Analysis: A systematic process used in risk management that quantifies the probabilities and potential consequences of risks. It typically involves the calculation of risk through the formula - Risk = Probability of Occurrence × Impact of Event. This technique allows organizations to assign monetary values to risks and to prioritize them based on their potential to affect business outcomes.

Quantum Cryptography: A method of securing communication by applying principles of quantum mechanics, which enables creating secure keys for encrypting data. This approach makes use of quantum states to detect eavesdropping and offers unbreakable encryption.

Quarantine processing: The isolation of potentially infected or malicious data or software from the rest of a system or network in order to prevent it from spreading or causing damage. It is used in cybersecurity to protect networks and systems from malware and other forms of cyberattack. Examples include using virtual machines or sandboxes to run untrusted software, using intrusion detection systems to identify and block suspicious traffic, and implementing access controls to prevent unauthorized access to quarantined data or systems.

Query-based Attacks: A category of cyber-attacks that involve the manipulation or exploitation of query processes within databases or applications. Specific examples include SQL injection, where malicious SQL queries are inserted into user input fields to manipulate databases, and DDoS attacks, which may flood a server with excessive network protocol queries to disrupt service.