- Access Control Matrix A two-dimensional table used to implement an access control policy within a system. In this matrix, the rows represent subjects (like users or processes), and the columns represent objects (like files, directories, or devices). The intersection of a row and a column indicates the access rights that the subject has over the object. It offers a comprehensive view of the access rights within a system, assisting in the design, implementation, and auditing of access control policies.
- Access Control Mechanism A process or system that manages access to resources within a system by enforcing policies and rules. These mechanisms often involve elements of identification, authentication, authorization, and accountability. They are integral to maintaining the security of a system by ensuring that only properly authenticated and authorized users gain access to the resources they require and no more.
- Access Control Model A framework that dictates how subjects (users or processes) access objects (resources) within a system. Common models include Discretionary Access Control (DAC), where access is granted based on user identity; Mandatory Access Control (MAC), where access is determined by comparing the labels (clearances) of the users and the data; and Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), where permissions are based on user roles rather than individual user identities.
- Access Level A categorization of the degree of authorization that a user has when accessing a network or system. These levels often correspond to the roles of users and determine what kind of operations they can perform on the system. For instance, a user with an administrative access level has more permissions compared to a user with a standard access level. Defining access levels is a key part of access control and is crucial for maintaining system security and data integrity.
- Access management lifecycle The set of processes and procedures for managing access to a system or network, from initial user authentication to ongoing monitoring and revoking of access. It is used in organizations to ensure the security of their networks and data and to prevent unauthorized access. Examples include implementing password policies, conducting regular audits of user access, and providing training on secure access practices.
- Access Method The technique or protocol that a system uses to locate and retrieve data from storage or transmit data over a network. Different access methods might be used depending on the type of data, the storage medium, or the network architecture. By defining standard access methods, systems can ensure data interoperability, optimize performance, and maintain data integrity and security.
- Access Path The route or means through which data is retrieved from a database. This typically involves a series of steps or operations that the database management system executes based on a given query, such as scanning an index or traversing a table. Efficient access paths can significantly improve query performance and system responsiveness while also ensuring that data access adheres to security and integrity constraints.
- Access point (AP) A device that connects wireless devices to a wired network, allowing them to communicate and access resources on the network. It is used in wireless networks to provide connectivity and access to network resources. Examples of access points include routers and wireless hotspots.
- Access Profile A predefined set of permissions and settings that determines what a user or role can do within a system. It can include parameters such as data access rights, available functionalities, and interface customization. By assigning users to appropriate access profiles, a system can effectively control access, streamline user management, and ensure that users have the necessary capabilities to perform their tasks without compromising security.
- Access Rights The privileges or permissions that are granted to a user or group of users within a system or network. These rights can include the ability to read, write, modify, or delete data, as well as access specific resources or functions within the system. For example, a user may have read-only access to a company's financial reports, while another user may have full access to the company's customer database.
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