- Base Registers In computer architecture, Base Registers are special-purpose registers that hold the starting address of a memory segment. They play a critical role in memory management and protection, ensuring that memory accesses are within the permitted address space, thereby preventing unauthorized access or modification of data. Incorrect configuration of base registers can lead to security vulnerabilities, potentially allowing for privilege escalation, buffer overflows, or other forms of exploitation.
- Basic Authentication An authentication scheme that transmits a user's username and password across the network in an unencrypted format, often encoded with Base64. Due to its lack of security features, like encryption or tokenization, it's considered insecure for transmitting credentials over untrusted networks unless accompanied by a secure transport layer, such as HTTPS.
- Bastion Host A server strategically placed in a network's DMZ (demilitarized zone) to defend against external threats. The bastion host serves as a strongly secured entry point into the network and typically hosts a single application like a proxy server or VPN gateway.
- Batch Control A method of managing and coordinating tasks that are processed as a group, or "batch", rather than individually. This approach is common in environments where large amounts of data are processed and strict control is needed over the execution of tasks. In a security context, batch control mechanisms ensure the integrity and confidentiality of data by enforcing appropriate access controls, audit trails, and error checking across the entire batch of tasks.
- Batch Processing The execution of a series of jobs on a computer without manual intervention. In cybersecurity, batch processing must be handled securely, ensuring that sensitive data processed in batches maintains confidentiality and integrity and that access to batch processes is appropriately restricted and logged.
- Baud rate A measure of the speed of data transmission over a communication channel, defined as the number of signal units per second. It is often used interchangeably with bits per second (bps), but technically, baud rate refers to the number of times the condition of the line changes. For digital systems, this usually equates to the number of bits transmitted per second, influencing the speed and efficiency of data transmission.
- Behavior Analytics The study of patterns and anomalies in data related to user or system behavior to detect potential threats. By establishing a baseline of 'normal' activity, this approach can highlight unusual or suspicious actions that deviate from the baseline, indicating a possible security issue. It is widely used for detecting sophisticated attacks that may not trigger traditional security alerts, aiding in timely response to potential threats.
- Behavior Blocking A proactive security technique that monitors and controls the activities of applications to prevent malicious or abnormal actions. Rather than relying on known malware signatures, this method focuses on the actions an application attempts to perform. If these actions match predefined or dynamically learned malicious behavior patterns, the action is blocked, providing a layer of protection against both known and unknown threats.
- Bell-LaPadula Model A formal model designed for the enforcement of access control in government and military applications. It focuses primarily on maintaining the confidentiality of information and preventing unauthorized users from accessing classified data. The model is known for two significant rules - the "no read up, no write down" (also called the "simple security property" and "*-property"), which restricts the flow of information to protect against data leakage and unauthorized access.
- Benchmark A standard or reference point used to evaluate the performance of a system, process, or product. It is commonly used in testing and optimization to compare and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of different solutions. Examples include performance metrics, test cases, and reference data.
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