- Encapsulation In computer networking, encapsulation refers to the process of wrapping data with necessary protocol information before network transmission. Similar to an envelope for a letter, it involves adding headers (and sometimes trailers) around data for proper delivery and processing. In object-oriented programming, encapsulation is a fundamental concept that binds together the data and functions that manipulate the data and keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. Data encapsulation led to the important OOP concept of data hiding.
- Encode The process of converting information from one format or code to another for the purposes of standardization, speed, secrecy, or compressions. In computer systems, encoding can refer to transforming data into a form that can be easily used by different types of systems. For example, encoding is commonly used for transforming raw data into a binary format that is understandable by computers. It also refers to the conversion of data for transmission, storage, or encryption, often using schemes such as Base64 and UTF-8 for text or more complex schemes like encoding video for digital formats.
- Encryption The process of converting information or data into a secure format that cannot be read without proper authorization, typically using a key. It protects data privacy by ensuring that only those who have the encryption key can access the original data, making it essential for secure communication over potentially vulnerable networks like the Internet. Encryption is used in various applications, including online transactions, confidential communications, and safeguarding sensitive information.
- Encryption Algorithm A mathematical process used to convert plaintext into ciphertext. Encryption algorithms are designed to encode data in such a way that it can only be decrypted by authorized parties. Common encryption algorithms include AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), DES (Data Encryption Standard), and RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman). They use a variety of techniques, such as substitution, transposition, and mathematical transformations, to ensure data security.
- Encryption Key A string of characters used in conjunction with an encryption algorithm to encode or decode data. In symmetric encryption, the same key is used for both encryption and decryption, while in asymmetric encryption, two related keys are used - a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. The security of encrypted data is highly dependent on the strength and secrecy of the encryption key.
- End-to-End Encryption A method of secure communication that prevents third-parties from accessing data while it's transferred from one end system to another. In this system, data is encrypted on the sender's system or device, and only the recipient is able to decrypt it. No intermediary, including internet service providers, application service providers, and hackers, can read it or tamper with it. End-to-end encryption is widely used in messaging services, email communication, and secure file sharing to ensure that only the communicating users can read the messages.
- End user The individual who directly interacts with a product, application, or system. This person does not participate in the development of the system but uses it for its intended purpose. In the data protection context, the end user is often the target of security protocols and training to minimize risks, such as phishing attacks or malware intrusion, which arise from human error or negligence.
- End-user computing End-user computing (EUC) refers to systems and platforms that allow users who are not programming experts to create and use software applications. It includes tools like spreadsheet programs, databases, and graphical interfaces that simplify the development and execution of business programs and processing. EUC empowers users to manage and control their own computing needs but also requires governance to ensure that data integrity and security are maintained, as the widespread creation of disparate applications can lead to data silos and security gaps.
- ENISA (European Union Agency for Network and Information Security) Established in 2004, it's a center of expertise for cyber security in Europe. ENISA helps the EU and its Member States to be better equipped and prepared to prevent, detect, and respond to information security problems. The agency also assists in the development of a high level of network and information security (NIS) to enhance Europe's capability to prevent and react to cyber-attacks and disruptions.
- Enterprise Architecture (EA) A strategic planning framework that defines the structure and operation of an organization. It seeks to align an organization's structure with its objectives, facilitating systematic analyses, design, planning, and implementation of an organization's strategies. EA involves the detailed modeling of business processes, information flows, IT systems, and technological infrastructure. By providing a holistic view of an organization's assets, processes, and policies, EA supports informed decision-making, promotes efficiency, and guides the effective integration of IT with business goals.
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