- EU-US Privacy Shield The EU-US Privacy Shield was a framework designed to ensure compliance with EU data protection requirements when transferring personal data from the European Union to the United States. However, it's important to note that the Privacy Shield was invalidated by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in July 2020. Organizations previously relying on this framework now have to find alternative mechanisms, such as Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs), for transatlantic data transfers that meet EU data protection standards.
- Evaluation Assurance Level (EAL) A numerical grade assigned to an information system product or system for the certification of its security. Defined by the Common Criteria certification standards, the EAL represents a third-party assessment of the design, implementation, and testing of security functions, with levels ranging from EAL1 (functionally tested) to EAL7 (formally verified, designed, and tested).
- Event In a general context, an event is something that happens or takes place, particularly something of importance. In computing and IT, an event often refers to an action or occurrence recognized by software that may be handled by the system or by user code. Events can include user inputs, system signals, or messages from other programs. In terms of cybersecurity, an event can be any observable occurrence in a system or network, including potential security incidents. Event management is a key part of system monitoring, and cybersecurity event logs are critical for incident response and forensic analysis. It is just a change to a system or data, it is not positive or negative, just an observable change.
- Event Type The categorization of security events based on their nature or characteristics. Event types might include login events, file change events, network traffic events, and more. These categories assist in the analysis of events, helping security professionals to identify trends, spot anomalies, and understand the broader context of security events within a system or network.
- Evidence Information presented to support the truth or existence of an assertion. In legal contexts, evidence includes testimony, documents, and objects admissible in court to prove or disprove allegations. In science, evidence consists of collected data and observations that support or refute hypotheses. In cybersecurity, it comprises digital records and activities that indicate the security posture of systems or that a security incident has occurred.
- Evil Twin A rogue Wi-Fi access point that appears legitimate to users but is actually set up by an attacker to intercept wireless communications. The evil twin may mimic the name and settings of a legitimate access point to trick users into connecting to it, allowing the attacker to eavesdrop or manipulate their network traffic.
- Exception reports Documents generated when a process or operation deviates from its predefined norm or standard. In the security realm, these are vital in identifying anomalies such as unauthorized access attempts, failed login attempts, or other forms of unusual system activities that could indicate a security threat.
- Executable Code This refers to a set of instructions in a computer program that is currently being executed or is ready to be run by a computer's processor. Executable code can come in various forms, such as binary executable files, scripts, or sequences of instructions interpreted by an interpreter. It typically resides within an executable file, which can be a standalone program or part of a larger application, and is responsible for performing specific tasks or operating various functions within a software environment.
- Executive state The operating status of a system when it's performing its primary, user-oriented functions, as opposed to its administrative or maintenance-oriented tasks. In terms of security, ensuring the protection of the system and the data it handles during its executive state is of utmost importance.
- Exercise Key An exercise key is a temporary cryptographic key used in communications systems during exercises or system testing. This key is employed to protect sensitive data but is not intended for operational use. The purpose is to validate the operational readiness of a system without impacting real-world operations or revealing actual operational keys.
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