- Non-repudiation A property of systems that provides assurance that someone cannot deny the validity of something. Typically used in digital security, it provides proof of the origin or delivery of data to protect the sender against false denial by the recipient that the data has been received or to protect the recipient against false denial by the sender that the data has been sent.
- Non-statistical sampling Non-statistical sampling refers to selecting a sample based on criteria other than statistical methods, often used when a high degree of confidence in the representativeness of the sample isn't required or when other practical considerations drive the selection. Examples include judgmental or purposive sampling.
- Normalization The process of organizing a database to minimize redundancy and dependency. It is used in database design to improve the efficiency and organization of data. Examples include breaking up a large table into smaller, related tables and removing repeating data.
- North-South APIs These APIs enable connectivity between an organization's internal network and external entities, such as third-party services, partners, and customers. North-South API traffic is often subject to intense scrutiny by CISOs, as these APIs expose core business applications to the internet, necessitating stringent security controls to protect against external threats and unauthorized access.
- NoSQL A category of database management systems that provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data, which is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases. NoSQL databases are designed for distributed data stores with large data sets, and for scalable, high-performance operations.
- N-tier Architecture A client-server architecture where the presentation, application processing, and data management functions are logically separated into separate layers or tiers. This separation allows developers to modify or add a specific layer rather than reworking the entire application, improving scalability and performance.
- Null In programming, null represents the absence of a value or a non-existent reference. In databases, a null value indicates missing or unknown data. It's crucial to handle null values properly to avoid runtime errors and maintain data integrity.
- Numeric check A numeric check is a data validation technique used to ensure that numerical input or data conforms to specified formats, ranges, or values. It is essential for maintaining data integrity and can prevent errors related to incorrect data entry. Examples include validating that a phone number contains only digits or that an age field is within a reasonable range.
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