- Open-source software (OSS) OSS is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance. It promotes collaboration and sharing since developers can access the source code to improve the software design or fix issues. OSS security depends on community involvement to identify and patch vulnerabilities promptly.
- Open Storage A type of data storage architecture that allows access to data without the need for proprietary software or hardware. It is commonly used in cloud computing environments to provide scalable and flexible storage solutions. Examples of open storage systems include the OpenStack Swift and Ceph projects.
- Open System A model of computing systems that provides some form of openness, such as open standards, interfaces, or source code. This openness promotes interoperability, portability, and user choice and allows users and developers to have significant influence over how the system operates. Open systems are often contrasted with closed systems, which are controlled by a single entity and where the inner workings of the system are not made available to users or developers.
- Open system authentication (OSA) A method of verifying the identity of a user or device through the use of a shared secret, such as a password or biometric. It is used in network security to ensure that only authorized users can access sensitive resources. Examples include password-based login systems, fingerprint scanners, and face recognition technology.
- Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Model A conceptual structure that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven distinct categories known as layers. These layers, from highest to lowest, include the application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical layers. Each layer provides specific services that contribute to overall network communication, fostering interoperability between various hardware and software systems.
- Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) A not-for-profit entity that provides unbiased, practical information about application security. This project, supported by a community of corporations, educational organizations, and individuals, produces freely available articles, methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies to help organizations create secure web applications.
- Operating Expenses (OPEX) The costs that a business incurs through its normal business operations, such as rent, equipment, inventory costs, staffing, transportation, sales commissions, and advertising. These recurring expenses are essential to the running of the business and directly influence its profitability.
- Operating System (OS) The primary software that manages all the hardware and other software on a computer. It performs a variety of functions, including managing memory, processing tasks, accessing the hard drive, interpreting commands from a keyboard or mouse, and sending output to a display screen.
- Operational Audit A detailed analysis conducted to assess an organization's internal operations in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and adherence to policies and procedures. It involves reviewing day-to-day activities and processes to identify potential areas of improvement or detect any misconduct.
- Operational Controls A type of security control that focuses on the day-to-day operations of an organization. It includes procedures, policies, and standards that are designed to prevent, detect, and respond to security incidents. Examples of operational controls include access controls, change management, and incident response plans.
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