- SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) A system used to monitor and control industrial processes and infrastructure, such as power plants, water treatment facilities, and transportation networks. It is used to automate and remotely manage complex systems and processes. Examples include a SCADA system for monitoring and controlling a power grid, a SCADA system for managing a water treatment plant, and a SCADA system for coordinating traffic signals in a city.
- Scalability in cloud computing The ability to handle an increased workload without a decrease in performance. This concept is used in cloud computing to ensure that a system can handle the added demand of new users or applications without slowing down. For example, a company might need to add new users to its cloud-based email system without disrupting service for existing users.
- Scavenging The practice of searching for and reusing discarded or abandoned data. In a security context, this often involves combing through discarded hardware devices, network traffic, or even public domains for residual data that can be exploited. Unprotected data or insufficiently sanitized storage media can serve as a goldmine for information scavengers, highlighting the importance of robust data disposal practices and the securing of transmitted data to prevent unauthorized access.
- Scheduling The process of organizing and coordinating activities, events, or tasks in a systematic way. It is used to plan and execute tasks efficiently and effectively. Examples include a scheduling algorithm for scheduling jobs on a computer, a scheduling system for managing appointments in a doctor's office, and a scheduling software for planning and organizing a project.
- SchemaA structured framework or blueprint describing how data is organized and managed within a database. It defines the tables, fields, relationships, constraints, and other elements of a database, acting as a roadmap for how data is stored and accessed. Schemas are critical for maintaining data integrity, enabling efficient data retrieval and modification, and ensuring that the database structure supports the needs of the applications that interact with it.
- Scope creep A project management term referring to the uncontrolled changes or continuous growth in a project's scope after the project work has started. These changes can occur due to various reasons, such as changes in requirements, miscommunication, or lack of clear initial requirements, and can lead to delays, cost overruns, or quality issues. Managing scope creep involves setting clear project objectives, maintaining effective communication, and closely monitoring changes to the project's scope to ensure alignment with project goals and resources.
- Scoping The process of defining and delimiting the boundaries and parameters of a project, system, or process. It is used to clarify the objectives, requirements, and constraints of a project and ensure its feasibility and success. Examples include a scoping study for identifying and assessing the potential impacts of a development project, a scoping exercise for defining the scope and requirements of a software project, and a scoping review for summarizing the evidence on a particular research topic.
- Scoping process The process of defining the boundaries and limitations of a security system or network. It is used to identify which assets and resources need to be protected and to determine the appropriate security controls to implement. Examples include determining the scope of a security assessment, defining the scope of a data protection plan, and determining the scope of a security policy.
- Screened host A host that is protected from external threats by a screening router. It is used to prevent unauthorized access to a network and to protect sensitive information from being compromised. Examples include a server that is behind a screening router, a database that is behind a screening router, and a web application that is behind a screening router.
- Screened subnet architecture A network configuration that uses firewalls to create a "demilitarized zone" (DMZ), a separate subnet for public-facing servers. In this setup, one firewall sits between the internal network and the DMZ, and another firewall sits between the DMZ and the external network (e.g., the internet). This configuration allows public traffic to access servers in the DMZ while maintaining a protective barrier between the external network and the internal network, thereby enhancing the security of the internal network.
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