- ARP spoofing/poisoning A cyber-attack where a malicious actor sends fake ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) messages to a network, tricking other devices into sending data to the wrong MAC (Media Access Control) address. It is used to intercept and modify network traffic, steal sensitive information, or launch further attacks. Examples include redirecting traffic to a fake website, intercepting login credentials, or injecting malware into downloads.
- ARP Table The ARP Table, or Address Resolution Protocol Table, is a table stored in each device on a network, which maps IP addresses to MAC addresses. This table is essential for local network communication because while IP addresses are used for routing data over the network, MAC addresses are used for direct device-to-device communication within the network.
- Artificial Intelligence A field of computer science focused on creating systems or machines that display human-like intelligence and cognitive functions such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies include machine learning, natural language processing, robotics, and computer vision. In the context of IT and Cybersecurity, AI can be used to automate complex tasks, enhance decision-making, and improve security systems by identifying and responding to threats more efficiently than traditional methods. AI-powered cybersecurity solutions can adapt and evolve to detect new types of attacks, making them a critical component in modern security infrastructures.
- ASCII ASCII, or the American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard used to represent text in computers and other devices that use text. Each letter, digit, or symbol is assigned a unique 7-bit binary number. ASCII is foundational for many protocols and data manipulation processes, and understanding its role can be crucial in tasks such as data forensics and network traffic analysis.
- ASP (Application Service Provider) A service provider that hosts and delivers software applications over the internet, enabling clients to use software without having to install or manage it on local systems. ASPs support various business applications, offering an alternative to on-premise solutions, which can help reduce IT overhead and facilitate remote access to software functionality.
- AssemblerA type of computer program that interprets software programs written in assembly language into machine language, code, and instructions that can be executed by a computer. The assembler enables the translation of human-readable assembly language into the computer's binary code. It is often used when direct hardware manipulation, maximum efficiency, or compact code size is required.
- Assembly LanguageA low-level programming language for a computer or other programmable device in which there is a very strong correspondence between the language and the architecture's machine code instructions. Each assembly language is specific to a particular computer architecture, in contrast to high-level programming languages, which are generally portable across multiple systems. Assembly language is used in reverse engineering and malware analysis, as it provides more direct control of system processes.
- Assessment This refers to the evaluation of systems, applications, and networks to identify vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and potential improvements. This process typically involves examining an organization's people, processes, and technologies. Assessments are critical for identifying security gaps and formulating remediation plans to mitigate the risk of threats and exploits.
- Asset An asset, in the context of security, is any data, device, or other component of the environment that supports information-related activities. Assets generally hold value for an organization and can be tangible, such as a server or a workstation, or intangible, such as proprietary data or intellectual property. The protection of these assets is the primary focus of security strategies.
- Asset-based risk perspective This involves assessing security risks based on the potential threats to specific assets within an organization. This approach identifies the vulnerabilities and threats specific to each asset and estimates the potential impact if a security incident were to occur. The focus is on protecting the most valuable or sensitive assets to minimize the overall risk to the organization.
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